HMO, PPO, EPO: which plan type fits how you get care

The letters on a plan tell you how it works day to day: who you can see, whether you need a referral, and what happens outside the network.

The main types

• HMO: care usually from in-network doctors only, and you often need a referral from your primary doctor to see a specialist.
• PPO: you pay less in-network, but you can usually see out-of-network doctors for more, often without a referral.
• EPO: in-network only, except emergencies, but usually no referral needed for specialists.

Which fits you?

• Keeping specific doctors who may be out of network? A PPO may fit.
• Happy with one primary doctor coordinating your care? An HMO can work.
• Want specialists without referrals but don't need out-of-network care? Look at EPOs.

Sources: HealthCare.gov: health plan types · referral

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